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Baron Law LLC

Living Trusts vs. Testamentary Trust

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Living Trusts vs. Testamentary Trusts

Cleveland, Ohio Estate Planning Attorney Dan Baron:

If you’re planning for your Ohio estate plan, then you’re probably lost among the many estate planning terminologies. However, there are numerous estate planning methods to provide safety and security for your family.  There are many ways to achieve this including living trusts, testamentary trusts, wills, legacy trusts, power of attorney’s and more.    If you have minor children (under the age of 18) it is often suggested to implement a testamentary trust into your last will and testament.  How is this different from a living trust you ask?  Here ‘s some additional insight…

First, if you’re trying to decide between a trust or a will, please see this link. However, if you have children, a testamentary trust is often recommended for your estate planning needs.  A testamentary trust is created in your last will and testament.  Thus, unlike a living trust, a testamentary trust will not take effect until you die.  The terms of the trust are amendable and revocable – they can be changed at any time.   It is highly recommended to include a testamentary trust in your will for parents who are at risk of dying at the same time.

Example: Husband and Wife have $1,000,000 in assets including a house, stock, and automobiles.  Both Husband and Wife die in a car accident and leave behind three children ages 4,6, and 11.  Because their children have not reached the age of 18, they may not have a claim to the money until they reach the age of maturity – age 18.

A testamentary trust can help avoid the scenario above.  Through the trust, you may set parameters on your estate.  For example, you might include terms that allow for $1,000 a week to be given to your children in the event both parents pass.  Or, you might hold off on giving your children any money until they reach the age of 21, 25, attain a degree, get married, etc.  Having a testamentary trust allows you to control your estate even after your death.  Note however that if only one parent dies in the example above, the testamentary trust does not take effect.  Instead, most often times the dying spouse leaves all of the estate to their spouse.  In that instance, the remaining spouse would determine how and when the money is distributed among the children.  Side note – you cannot disinherit your spouse…

Contrary to a testamentary trust, a living trust – or inter-vivos trust – takes effect at its creation. These trusts can be either revocable or irrevocable.   Inter-vivos is Latin for “among the living persons.”  So, if I were to decide to give you my boat, then that would be an inter-vivos transfer.  Typically, a living trust must contain a trustee (a person responsible for carrying out the wishes of the creator), and a beneficiary (the persons receiving the benefit of the trust).  In Ohio, you as the creator of the trust may not be the beneficiary of the trust unless you elect to set up an Ohio legacy trust.  Put simply, a living trust is one that is created during your lifetime.   Living trusts are often recommended for those who wish to avoid probate or want to keep their assets private.

For more information, contact Cleveland, Ohio estate planning attorney Dan Baron at Baron Law LLC.  Baron Law is a Cleveland, Ohio are law firm practicing in the areas of estate planning, divorce, business law, and securities litigation.  Contact an trust attorney at Baron Law today at 216-573-3723.  You will speak directly with an attorney who can answer all your trust and estate planning questions.

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What is a Charitable Remainder Trust?

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Unique Estate Planning Methods to Secure a Lifetime of Income, Save Taxes, & Benefit the Community

Most people planning for their retirement have a misconception that charitable giving is only for the wealthy.  However, there are several estate planning tools that can benefit your favorite charity while also earning you steady stream of income.  One of these tools is known as a charitable trust remainder, or “CRT.”  A CRT lets you convert a highly appreciated asset like stock or real estate into a lifetime of income. It reduces your income taxes now and may also reduce your estate taxes when you die. When the assets are sold, creators of the CRT escape the ever-daunting capital gains tax.  But best of all, a charitable remainder trust allows you help one or more of your favorite charities.

How does a CRT work?

Creators of a charitable remainder trust transfer an appreciated asset into an irrevocable trust.  It’s important to have assets that appreciate in value in order for a CRT to work effectively.  Assets that have little or no appreciation may be better off going into a charitable lead trust or charitable remainder annuity trust.  In any event, when you transfer an appreciating asset into the charitable remainder trust, it removes the asset from your estate.  Thus, no estate taxes will be due on it when you die.  Most importantly, you also receive an immediate charitable income tax deduction.

After the trust is created, the Trustee sells the asset at full market value.  Again, after the sale you will not pay capital gains tax.  The money is then reinvested and the proceeds from the reinvestment go to you for the rest of your life.  When you die, the remaining trust assets go to the charity(ies) you have chosen.  Hence the name charitable remainder trust.

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Example Using a Charitable Remainder Trust

Let’s say for example that Gail Giver (age 63) purchased some stock for $100,000.  It is now worth $500,000.  She would like to sell it and generate some retirement income.  If she transfers the stock to a CRT, Gail can take an immediate charitable income tax deduction of $90,357. Because she is in a 35% tax bracket, this will reduce their current federal income taxes by $31,625.

The trust is exempt from capital gains tax so when the trustee sells the stock for the full $500,000, all of the money is available for reinvestment.  Assume that the assets will accumulate 5% of annual growth and Gail is expected to live for another 26 years.   Using this information, that produces $25,000 in annual income which, before taxes, will total $650,000 over Gail’s lifetime. And because the assets are in an irrevocable trust, they are protected from creditors.

Example Not Using Charitable Remainder Trust

What would happen if Gail sold the assets and reinvested them herself? If Gail sells the same $500,000 in stock, she would have a gain of $400,000 (current value less cost) and would have to pay $60,000 in federal capital gains tax (15% of $400,000).  That would leave her with $440,000.

If she re-invested and earned a 5% return, that produces $22,000 in annual income.  Using the same life expectancy and 5% annual income as mentioned before, this would give her a total lifetime income (before taxes) of $572,000.   However, because Gail Giver still owns the assets in her name, there is no protection from creditors.  Looking back, without the use of a CRT, she loses $78,000 in income than if she had created a charitable remainder trust.

Comparison of Income after Sale

Without CRT       With CRT

Current Value of Stock                  $ 500,000             $ 500,000

Capital Gains Tax*                           – 60,000                0

Balance To Re-Invest                      $ 440,000             $ 500,000

5% Annual Income                          $ 22,000                $ 25,000

Total Lifetime Income                    $ 572,000             $ 650,000

Tax Deduction Benefit**              $ 0                          $ 31,625

*15% federal capital gains tax only.

(State capital gains tax may also apply.)

**$90,357 charitable income tax deduction times 35% income tax rate.

Are there other options? Of course!  Another charitable estate planning tool is called the charitable lead trust, or CLT.  A CLT is the reverse of a CRT.  This revocable trust provides income to a charity for a set number of years, after which the remainder passes to the donor’s heirs or beneficiaries.  The CLT is a good choice for those who don’t need a lifetime of income from certain assets.  The trust is often structured to get an income tax deduction equal to the fair market value of the property transferred, with the remaining interest valued at zero to eliminate a taxable gift.  Contact an estate planning attorney to learn more about charitable lead trusts.

Finally there is also a trust called the pooled income fund (PIF).  Pooled income funds are trusts maintained by public charities. The trust is set up by donors who contribute to the fund.  Just like a CRT, the donor receives income during his or her lifetime.  After the donor’s death, control over the funds goes to the charity. The biggest benefit to a PIF is that contributions qualify for charitable income deductions as well as gift and estate tax deductions.  Talk with an estate planning attorney to learn more.

As you can see, there are a number of different ways to give to your favorite charity while also planning for a secure retirement. This blog is meant for information purposes only and should not be construed as legal advice.  Contact an estate planning attorney at Baron Law, LLC for a free consultation.  Baron Law, LLC is your Cleveland, Ohio estate planning attorney. Contact Cleveland, Ohio attorney Dan Baron today at 216-573-3723

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What is the Difference Between a Trust and a Will?

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This blog will help you understand some of the core differences between a will and trust, but it is not intended to provide legal advice.  If you’re planning for your estate, contact Dan Baron at Baron Law LLC. Call and speak directly with an attorney at 216-573-3723.

Most people have heard the terms “will” and “trust,” but not everyone knows the unique differences between the two.  Both trusts and wills are useful estate planning tools, but can serve different purposes.  Most importantly, both can work together to create a complete estate plan.

The main difference between a will and trust is that only a will passes through probate.  (Visit here for additional information on understanding probate).  Generally, probate is a process that involves the court who oversees the administration of the will and ensures the will is valid. The court will also administer the property making sure it gets distributed the way the deceased wanted.   Thus, an authenticated will will pass through probate while a trust most likely will not.  Courts do not need to oversee the distribution of a trust, which can sometimes save time and money.  In addition, many people favor a trust because they can be very private.  On the contrary, a will can sometimes become public record.

A trust is a legal arrangement where one person (or an institution, such as a bank or law firm), called a “trustee,” holds legal title to property for another person, called a “beneficiary.”  A trust usually has two types of beneficiaries — one set that receives income from the trust during their lives and another set that receives whatever is left over after the first set of beneficiaries dies.

Another difference between a will and a trust is that a living will goes into effect only after you pass, while a trust takes effect as soon as it is created.  Through probate, a will determines who will receive your property at your death and it appoints a legal representative to carry out your wishes.  This person is called the trustee.   In comparison, a trust may be used to distribute property before death, at death or afterwards.  A will covers any property that is only in your name when you die. It does not cover property held in joint tenancy or in a trust.

Both wills and trusts each have their advantages and disadvantages.   For example, a will allows you to name a guardian for children and to specify funeral arrangements, while a trust does not. On the other hand, a trust can be used to plan for disability or to provide savings on taxes. (See elderlawanswers.com for more information).

Hopefully this blog has helped you understand some of the differences between a trust and a will.  If you are planning for your estate, or would like additional information, contact Dan Baron at Baron Law LLC.   Call today at 216-573-3723. You will speak directly with an attorney who can help you decide whether a will or trust is best for your estate planning needs.

Baron Law LLC

What is Probate?

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